Lab 4.1.5 Subnetting a Network

Lab 4.1.5 Subnetting a Network

Objective

•  Create an IP addressing plan for a small network.

Background / Preparation

In this activity, you will play the role of an onsite installation and support technician from an ISP.  A customer has called the ISP complaining of e-mail problems and occasional poor Internet performance. On an earlier site visit, the technician had created diagram of the customer’s existing network shown here.  The ISP is preparing a design for a network upgrade. The interim topology diagram for the proposed network is shown below. There is still a requirement for an IP addressing plan. One of the ISP network designers has made some notes on a simplified sketch of the proposed network, and has written some requirements. The designer asks you to create an IP address plan for the network upgrade. 

Step 1: Analyze the network

a.  Referring to the Rough Design Notes, determine the minimum number of hosts that a subnet needs to support the new network design.

1)  The largest subnet must be able to support 30 hosts. 

2)  To support that many hosts, the number of host bits required is?

Jawaban = dari 30 host maka jumlah subnet bit yang dibutuhkan adalah sebanyak 3 buah.

b.  What is the minimum number of subnets required for the new network design?

Jawaban= jumlah minimum subnet yang dibutuhkan membangun sebuah jaringan yaitu sebanyak 5-8 segmen jaringan ( jumlah subnet).

c.  Can this network be subnetted according to the requirements?

Jawaban = ya, jaringan ini bisa dilakukan subnetting.

For example: If four subnets are required and the largest subnet has to support 128 hosts, this is a problem, because a subnet in a class C network that has been partitioned four ways can support only 62 hosts.

d. Fill in the blanks to summarize the subnetting requirements of this new network design:

This network requires 129-256  subnets, each supporting 29 hosts. Therefore, 255.255.255.0/24 host ID bits are reserved for the subnet ID. With those values, this network supports  subnets 8, each subnet having 254 hosts.

Step 2: Calculate the custom subnet mask

Now that the number of subnet ID bits is known, the subnet mask can be calculated. A class C network has a default subnet mask of 24 bits, or 255.255.255.0. What will the custom subnet mask be? The custom subnet mask for this network will be 255.255.255.128 or /25.

Step 3: Specify the host IP addresses

Now that the subnet mask is identified, the network addressing scheme can be created. The addressing scheme includes the subnet number, the subnet broadcast address, and the range of IP addresses assignable to hosts.

a.       Complete the table showing all the possible subnets for the 192.168.1.0 network.

Subnet	Subnet Address	Host IP Address Range	Broadcast Address
8	255.255.255.0/24	192.168.1.1	255.255.255.129-255.255.255.135
8	255.255.255.0/24	192.168.1.2	255.255.255.136-255.255.255.144
8	255.255.255.0/24	192.168.1.3	255.255.255.145-255.255.255.53
8	255.255.255.0/24	192.168.1.4	255.255.255.54-255.255.255.62
8	255.255.255.0/24	192.168.1.5	255.255.255.63-255.255.255.71
8	255.255.255.0/24	192.168.1.6	255.255.255.72-255.255.255.80
8	255.255.255.0/24	192.168.1.7	255.255.255.81-255.255.255.89
8	255.255.255.0/24	192.168.1.8	255.255.255.90-255.255.255.98

b.      for it to be completed. Hosts will be assigned IP addresses as follows: (fill in the table below)

Device	Interface	IP Address	Connects to	IP Address
1841	Serial 0/0/0	11.11.11.100	ISP Router	11.11.11.1
	Fa 0/0		Wired hosts	Wired host Range: ____.____.____.____ To ____.____.____.____
	Fa 0/1		Linksys Internet
Linksys	Internet		1841 Fa 0/1
	LAN Gateway		Wireless Hosts	Wireless host Range: ____.____.____.____ To ____.____.____.____

Step 4: Consider other subnetting options

What if there were more than 30 hosts that needed to be supported on either the wired or wireless portion of the network. You could borrow fewer bits, which would create fewer subnets, but each one would support a greater number of hosts per subnet.

a.                   How many bits would be borrowed to create four subnets?

Jawaban =  Ialah 2  buah bit yang akan dipinjam  

2. How many bits would be left for hosts on each subnet?

Jawaban = 5 sampai 8 bits  

3. What is the maximum number of hosts each subnet could support?  

Jawaban = 30 host – 2broadcast = 28 host

4. What would the subnet mask be in dotted decimal and slash number (/#) format?

255.255.255.224 atau 255.255.255.224 / 27

5. If you start with the same 192.168.1.0 network as before and subnet it into four subnets, what would the subnet numbers be?

255.255.255.54 - 255.255.255.62

Step 5: Reflection

a.  Does subnetting help reduce the problem of IP address depletion? Explain your answer.

Jawaban = iya, sangat membantu mengurangi masalah depletions pada IP address, karena bisa membedakan network identifier dengan host identifier.

b.  The Rough Design Notes diagram noted that the wireless subnet would have up to 30 PCs connecting. In pairs or in small groups, discuss whether or not that creates a situation in which IP addresses might get wasted. Does it matter, and why or why not? 

Jawaban = akan sia sia karena proses subnetting yang menghasilkan beberapa subjaringan dengan jumlah host yang sama telah dilakukan, maka aka nada kemungkinan di dalam segmen –segmen jaringan tersebut memiliki alamat – alamat yang tidak digunakan.

c.                   There are alternate methods of subnetting using CIDR and VLSM. Would VLSM be a worthwhile option for subnetting this network? Discuss in small groups

Jawaban = vlsm bisa menjadi solusi karena teknik subnetting dengan VLSM dapat dilakukan secara rekrusif : network identifier yang sebelumnya telah disubnetkan, di subnetkan kembali . maka dengan kata lain pengambilan kembali sisa dari bit- bit host.