Objectives
• Run the Windows tracert utility from a local host computer to a website on a different continent.
• Interpret the traceroute output to determine which ISPs the packets passed through on their way from the local host to the destination website.
• Draw a diagram of the traceroute path, showing the routers and ISP clouds passed through from the local host to the destination website, including IP addresses for each device.
Background / Preparation
In this activity, you will use the Windows tracert utility to map Internet connectivity between your local ISP and the other ISPs that it uses to provide global Internet access. You will also map connectivity to the following major Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). However, your instructor may choose different destination websites.
• AfriNIC (African Network Information Centre) – Africa Region
• APNIC (Asia Pacific Network Information Centre) – Asia/Pacific Region
• ARIN (American Registry for Internet Numbers) – North America Region
• LACNIC (Regional Latin-American and Caribbean IP Address Registry) – Latin America and some Caribbean Islands
• RIPE NCC (Réseaux IP Européens) – Europe, the Middle East, and Central Asia
This activity can be done individually, in pairs, or in teams. It can be done as an in-class activity or as a homework assignment, depending on whether the classroom computers have access to the Internet. The following resources are required:
• Host computer with the Windows operating system
• Access to the command prompt
• Internet connection
• Routes Traced worksheet for each destination URL. The worksheet is attached to this lab. Each student completes their own worksheets and gives them to the instructor.
• Global Connectivity Map, which is attached at the end of this lab
• Access to the PC command prompt
Step 1: Run the tracert utility from a host computer
a. Verify that the host computer has a connection to the Internet.
b. Open a Command Prompt window by clicking Start > Run and typing cmd. Alternatively, you may click Start > All programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
c. At the prompt, type tracert and your first destination website. The output should look similar to the following:
d. Save the tracert output in a text file as follows:
1) Right-click the title bar of the Command Prompt window and choose Edit > Select All.
2) Right-click the title bar of the Command Prompt window again and choose Edit > Copy.
3) Open the Windows Notepad program: Start > All Programs > Accessories > Notepad.
4) To paste the output into Notepad, choose Edit > Paste.
5) Choose File > Save As and save the Notepad file to your desktop as tracert1.txt.
e. Run tracert for each destination website and save the output in sequentially numbered files.
f. Run tracert from a different computer network, for example, from the public library or from a friend’s computer that accesses the Internet using a different ISP (for instance, cable instead of DSL). Save a copy of that output in Notepad and print it out for later reference.
Step 2: Interpret tracert outputs to determine ISP connectivity
Routes traced may go through many hops and a number of different ISPs depending on the size of your ISP and the location of the source and destination hosts. In the example output shown below, the tracert packets travel from the source PC to the local router default gateway to the ISPs Point of Presence (POP) router and then to an Internet Exchange Point (IXP). From there they pass through two Tier 2 ISP routers and then though several Tier 1 ISP routers as they move across the Internet backbone. When they leave the Tier 1 ISPs backbone, they move through another Tier 2 ISP on the way to the destination server at
www.ripe.net.
a. Open the first traceroute output file and answer the following questions.
1) What is the IP address of your local POP router?
Jawaban = Ip address dari local POP Router adalah 192.168.190.1
2) How many hops did the traceroute packet take on its journey from the host computer to the
destination?
Jawaban = pengambilan paket data selama proses pada tracert ada sebanyak 16 kali
3) How many different ISPs did the traceroute packet pass through on its journey from the host
computer to the destination?
Jawaban = jumlah tracert melewati isp yang berbeda untuk sampai ketujuan ada sebanyak 5 kali adapun alamat alamat tujuan
1. if-1-0-0-1980.mcore3.laa-losangeles.as6453.net [66.110.59.18]
2. ix-10-0-0-0.tcore1.lvw-losangeles.as6453.net [216.6.84.49]
3. if-10-0.core3.nto-newyork.as6453.net [216.6.57.66]
4. if-7-0-0.core2.ad1-amsterdam.as6453.net [80.231.81.45]
5. if-4-0.mcore3.njy-newark.as6453.net [216.6.84.2]
4) List the IP addresses and URLs of all the devices in the traceroute output in the order that they appear on the Routes Traced worksheet.
5) In the Network Owner column of the worksheet, identify which ISP owns each router. If the router belongs to your LAN, write “LAN”. The last two parts of the URL indicates the ISP name. For example, a router that has “sprint.net” in its URL belongs to the network of an ISP called Sprint.
6) Did the traceroute pass through an unidentified router between two ISPs? This might be an IXP. Run the whois command utility or whois function of a visual traceroute program to identify ownership of that router. Alternatively, go to http://www.arin.net/whois to determine to whom the IP is assigned.
b. Complete the worksheet using the traceroute output file for each of the other destination URLs.
c. Compare your results from the different traceroute output files. Did your ISP connect to different ISPs to reach different destinations?
Jawaban = ya, pada kasus melakukan tracert ke http://whois.arin.net/ui isp nya masing masing protocol yang berbeda salaing terkoneksi untuk mencapai tujuan yaitu hit-nxdomain.opends.com [67.215.65.132]
Dan adapun ISP yang berbeda untuk saling terkoneksi adalah
1. xe-1-0-0.r21.newthk02.hk.bb.gin.ntt.net [129.250.3.206]
2. p64-4-1-1.r21.tokyjp01.jp.bb.gin.ntt.net [129.250.3.1]
3. as-0.r21.Isanca03.us.bb.gin.ntt.net [192.250.6.4]
d. If you ran a traceroute from a different computer network, check the output for that traceroute file as well. Was the number of hops different to reach the same destination from different local ISPs? Which ISP was able to reach the destination in fewer hops?
Jawaban = jumlah HOP untuk mencapai destination pada sebuah alamat tracert yang dituju akan tetap sama. Meskipun telah dilakukan beberapa kali test tracert akan memunculkan jumlah list hop yang sama. Maka ISP yang membutuhkan sedikit hop untuk mencapai tujuannya adalah ISP B (cable service provider)
Step 3: Map the connectivity of your ISP
a. For each traceroute output, draw a diagram on a separate sheet of paper showing how your local ISP interconnects with other ISPs to reach the destination URL, as follows:
1) Show all of the devices in sequence from the LAN router to the destination website server. Label all of the devices with their IP addresses.
2) Draw a box around the local POP router that you identified, and label the box “POP”.
3) Draw an ISP cloud around all the routers that belong to each ISP, and label the cloud with the ISP name.
4) Draw a box around any IXP routers that you identified, and label the box “IXP”.
b. Use the Global Connectivity Map to create a combined drawing showing only ISP clouds and IXP boxes.
Worksheet for Routes Traced
Router IP Address | Router URL (if any) | Network Owner (LAN, Name of ISP or IXP) |
192.168.190.1 | ns4.unp.ac.id | |
192.168.37.9 | 58.26.87.109 | tm.net.my |
66.110.59.18 | losangeles.as6453.net | |
216.6.84.49 | losangeles.as6453.net | |
216.6.84.2 | njy-newark.as6453.net | |
216.6.57.66 | nto-newyork.as6453.net | |
80.231.81.45 | ad1-amsterdam.as6453.net | |
80.231.81.18 | ad1-amsterdam.as6453.net | |
195.219.150.70 | ad1-amsterdam.as6453.net | |
195.69.144.68 | gw.amsix.nikrtr.ripe.net | |
193.0.6.139 | www.ripe.net |
Lab 3.2.4.2 Evaluating a Cabling Upgrade Plan
Objectives
• Examine the existing floor plan of a customer.
• Propose a cable upgrade plan to accommodate extra floor space.
Background / Preparation
A medium sized company has existing space on the second floor of an office tower and has just acquired the rest of the second floor. They have asked you to examine their existing floor plan and assist the the placement of a new IDF, placement of cables to support all of the new office space, and to help determine if any new devices are required. This lab can be done individually or in groups. The following resources are required:
• Existing Floor Plan (provided)
Step 1: Examine the existing floor plan
a . From the information provided on the existing floor plan, label the following items:
1) POP –Point of Presence
2) MDF – Main Distribution Facility
3 IDF – Intermediate Distribution Facility
4) vertical/Backbone Cabling
5 )Horizontal Cabling
b . What type of cabling could be used for the vertical/back bone cabling? Explain your answer
jawaban= kabel yang digunakan ialah vertical backbone cable, alasannya karena jaringan yang akan dibangun terletak pada lantai dua dan jika dianalogikan posisi masing masing device kerja atau bagian kerja akan bersimpangan. Oleh karena itu kabel yang digunakan ialah vertical backbone cable dangan sambungan vertical patch panel.
Step 2 :Evaluate plan for new floor space.
Any Company has just merged with a small web design group and has acquired the remaining space on the second floor to accommodate the web design team . This new space is represented on the diagram as the floor space highlighted on the right side of the floor plan. It has been decided to add a second IDF to support the work stations in the new area.
a . Suggest a possible location for the new IDF . What room / location did you choose and explain why you think it is suitable?
Jawaban = ruangan / lokasi yang cocok untuk memasang IDF baru ialah pada telecommunication room . karena IDF sebagai fasilitas pendistribusi merupakan perangkat yang harus tersusun dengan perangkat server.
b . What type of cable would you suggest for the vertical cabling required to connect the new IDF to the existing MDF? Explain your reasons
jawaban = jenis cable yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan IDF dan MDF adalah Horizontal Cabling, alasannya IDF dan MDF dihubungkan untuk langsung terkoneksi ke area kerja (work area) sehingga harus menggunakan cabel horizontal.
c. The new space contains mostly offices. Assume that each office will be provisioned with 2 data drops. Also plan for 2 drops in the auditorium to support Internet access for presentations and training sessions. How many additional data drops need to be ordered?
Jawaban = dibutuhkan dua data drops lagi.
d . You have been asked to determine the number of new 24 port switches required for the new IDF. Remember to plan on approximately 25% growth. How many new switches will Company ABC need to purchase?
Jawaban = banyaknya switch yang dibutuhkan dengan perkembangan perusahaan yang dianalisa 25% adalah 60 buah switch dengan perhitungan. Masing – masing lantai terdiri dari 24 switch dan perlutambahan untuk perkembangan sebanyak 6 buah = 24 x 2 =48
+ 12 =60 buah switch
e . How many horizontal cables will terminate on patch panels in the new IDF?
Jawaban = sebanyak 32 buah kabel horizontal, termasuk pada telecommunications room.
Step3: Examine the floor space and wiring plan.
a . What equipment other than switches would you expect to find in the new IDF?
Jawaban = horizontal cable, switch,hub
b . What equipment other than switches would you expect to find in the MDF?
Jawaban=vertical cable,router.
c. Using existing cable runs, could you use UTP to connect the devices in room 2.20 or 2 .30 directly into a switch in the MDF?
Jawaban = ya bisa dapat langsung digunakan.
Step 4 . Reflection
a . Is it better to have an IDF in this floor space or should the company run the horizontal cables for each device directly back to the existing MDF?
Jawaban = lebih baik menggukan IDF dengan koneksi kabel horizontal untuk terhubung sebagai mediator untuk distribusi.
b. How many cables will be required from the MDF to the IDF to support the switches? Explain your answer
jawaban = 3 buah kabel, alasannya setelah terkoneksi dengan router, dibutuhkan 3 lagi alat berupa repeater. Maka agar alat itu bisa digunakan dibutuhkan 3 lagi kabel horizontal.
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